نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دستیار ستادی معاونت میراث فرهنگی وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی
2 عضوهیات علمی دانشکده هنردانشگاه شاهد، شهر تهران، استان تهران
3 دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
During the Safavid period, innovations were created in Stucco decorations. The Koshtehbori Stucco decoration is one of the most attractive and unique architectural decorations of the Safavid period, which was implemented with various motifs in some of the buildings of that period. And has a special creativity and innovation that is different from the implementation of other types of Stucco decorations. Knowing the methods and implementation steps of Stucco decorations in restoration projects and studying them is considered as one of the essential elements and an inseparable part of the protection of historical Stucco decorations. The Koshtehbori Stucco decoration of the Safavid period with different techniques and motifs of Khatai, Islimy, animal and human or inscriptions, was prepared and made on fine coat of plaster mortar, and according to the remains, the most used Stucco decoration is related to the Safavid era. The Koshtehbori Stucco decoration with execution techniques different from other traditional plastering methods, in which the design or some motifs with an angle of 90 degrees with an average depth of less than one millimeter, are carved and polished with a plastering tool and then The remaining flat surfaces are painted in the manner of murals, but in some buildings, such as the Pirnia House, small parts of the surfaces are painted. Most of the decorations of Ali Qapu Palace include Stucco decorations known as Koshtehbori. Koshtehbori Stucco decorations in Ali Qapo Palace are in the form of paintings of flowers and plants, foliage and shapes of birds and animals, which are located in various parts of the palace, such as rooms, ceilings, corridors and stairs. The Stucco decoration known as Koshtehbori is located in the house of Pirnia in the three spaces of Sofeh(south Ivan), the chair room and the upper room. The purpose of this research is to identify the similarities and differences, the diversity of the method, and the implementation of Stucco decorations of the Alai Qapu Palace of Isfahan and the Pirnia House in Nain. The questions of this research are: 1.What is the technique of implementing the Stucco decoration of Koshtehbori based on their design in Alai Qapu Palace and Pirnia House? 2.What are the similarities and differences between the execution of the Stucco decoration of Koshtehbori of the Ali Qapu palace in Isfahan and the Pirnia house in Nain? The research method is descriptive-analytical and comparative-comparative, and the collection of findings is in the form of Koshtehbori studies and field observations. The results of the studies showed that the execution technique of Koshtehbori is divided into seven types based on the type of designs in both historical buildings. Stucco decoration in both buildings, in the implementation of brick support, clay straw lining, a layer of plaster with a smooth and polished surface, a layer of preparatory canvas, transfer and line design, and also, in most of the Stucco decorations of Koshtehbori in the elevation The motifs are similar with the carved background of less than one millimeter. This Stucco decoration in Ali Qapu is used in painting the motifs with penciling or Labshor around the details of the motifs, as well as in some designs in the motifs around the frames without carving in the form of painting and combining the Layechini and Koshtehbori or using a single Layechini frame or painting the carved background in some frames like medallion and…, It is different from Pirnia House. Contrary to the palace of Ali Qapu, in the house of Pirnia, the majority of the surfaces of designs and motifs are unpainted and only a few parts of the motifs are painted. This coloring can be seen in a few parts of the surfaces of the motifs, with green, dark brown, light and red colors, in the shoes, the back edge of the lining of the domes, some animals and plants in a scattered form and some lines around the frames and borders. In the Pirnia house, in the non-coloring of most of the motifs and the initial outline of the details of the motifs - reminiscent of pen drawing - carving the center of round flowers and the mirror of Shah Abbasi flowers, or carving inside the details of Shah Abbasi flowers and motifs, carving inside the details of Shah Abbasi flowers and Slimy headbands. The depth of 5 mm is different from Ali Qapu.The Koshtehbori Stucco decorations of both buildings are similar in the use of Khatai and Slimy motifs, trees, animals and birds. However, in Pirnia's House, in some of the frames, human motifs are used, as well as inscriptions in Nastaliq script are used in the walls under the motifs in the Ivan Sofeh, the house's seat room and the upper house's room.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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