نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
انیمیشن وسینما، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
The extensive dissemination of superhero narratives and the favorable reception of this storytelling modality have facilitated the emergence of superheroes endowed with diverse abilities. This acceptance has paved the way for the integration of these characters into live-action films, animation, and television series, with the production of such works ongoing. One contributing factor to the popularity of superhero characters is their presence within the collective memory. The parallels drawn between superhero narratives and mythological tales have rendered superheroes analogous to mythological heroes, as both categories of characters transcend the constraints of the real world and, through the exercise of their superhuman powers, foster empathy among the audience. The Pahlevan (hero) archetype occupies a distinctive position and enjoys considerable acclaim in ancient Persian literature, symbolizing national and Iranian identity. In a manner akin to superheroes, the origins of Pahlevans lie in epic narratives and poetry, with the similarities between superheroes and Pahlevans emanating from their shared mythological and epic heritages.
The development of a compelling superhero for the Iranian audience necessitates a thorough comparative analysis and comprehension of the actions of Iranian Pahlevans, as well as their distinctions from Western superheroes, in order to formulate a successful model capable of appealing to a global audience. Thus, the objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics, features, and actions of both Pahlavans and superheroes.
Despite the widespread appeal of superheroes and their resemblances to epic Pahlevans, the research question posited is: What similarities and differences exist between superheroes and Pahlevans regarding definition, nature, characteristics, and agency? The research methodology employed is qualitative, with data analysis—taking into account selected samples and the examination of characteristics—being descriptive and reliant on library-based data collection, encompassing books, articles, websites, theses, and visual resources pertinent to the subject matter.The examined collection, which centers on the superhero character, is selective, with a total of forty animated films and series categorized to investigate the common characteristics of superheroes. By considering the varied characterization and symbolic actions of Pahlevans to elucidate their traits and compare them with those of superheroes, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has been chosen as a case study.
The research findings indicate that Pahlevans, akin to superheroes, embody fundamental elements of mission, power, and identity, exhibiting considerable similarity in their intrinsic characteristics. Nonetheless, due to divergences in worldview, roles, and societal responsibilities, significant differences arise in their perspectives and operational scopes. Consequently, leveraging their intrinsic characteristics—given their substantial commonality with superheroes—facilitates greater audience acceptance, while emphasizing the Pahlevan's worldview may present novel insights for global audiences. Simultaneously, it is imperative to modernize the physical attributes of the Pahlevan and augment their powers to align with the preferences of audiences accustomed to superhero abilities. Therefore, by accentuating intrinsic characteristics and worldviews, updating physical actions, and incorporating national characteristics, symbols, and contexts that reflect Iranian identity, and by adhering to the principles of characterization while eschewing prevalent clichés, a model can be developed for the creation of a new character that possesses sufficient appeal for both Iranian and global audiences.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)