نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه مطالعات عالی هنر، دانشکده هنرهای تجسمی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مطالعات عالی هنر، دانشکده هنرهای تجسمی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the unique features and essential elements of the art of past eras in Iran has been the "artistic families," where artistic heritage has been passed down from father to children over several generations, leading to the emergence of artistic lineages. However, only a few of these families have gained fame due to the prominent status of their artists, ensuring their names remain immortalized in the history of Iranian art. Many of these artists naturally used the arts inherited from previous generations to produce new works, and among them, the role of great masters and their children in expanding and preserving specific artistic styles was particularly prominent. This process was not only evident in applied arts such as painting, calligraphy, and pottery but also in music, architecture, and other artistic fields. It should be added that despite the historical significance of these artists and their families, unfortunately, little information exists regarding their personal and artistic lives, as well as their exact familial relationships. Therefore, research into this unknown aspect of Iranian art and the exploration of its hidden dimensions is of great importance. So, this article examines the history of one of these artistic families.
One of the most important of these families is the "artistic family of Aqa Najafali Naqqash Bashi Isfahani", a renowned artist from the early Qajar period, from which several well-known artists have emerged. These artists played an irreplaceable role in preserving and developing various branches of Iranian painting, particularly lacquer painting, miniature painting, and enameling, during the 18th to 20th centuries. Additionally, some of them were recognized as the leading and finest painters of Iran during the Zand, Qajar, and Pahlavi dynasties. For example, figures such as Muhammad-Ismail Naqqashbashi, Muhammad-Kazim Naqqashbashi, Mirza Abdolhossein Sani-Hamayoun, and Shokrollah Sanizadeh can be mentioned. In addition, other notable artists from this family include Muhammad-Jafar ibn Najafali, Ahmad ibn Najafali, Heydar-Ali, and Mohammad-Ali Najafpur. The significance of this family's position in the art of recent centuries has prompted numerous international researchers to theorize about the genealogy of these artists. Nevertheless, contradictions and fundamental gaps in the results of previous studies raise doubts about existing theories and highlight the need for thorough revision. It seems that the reasons behind the errors in the results of previous research stem from the lack of access by earlier researchers to relevant historical data and documents related to these families, as well as reliance on unproven assumptions.
In this context, the main objective of this article is to determine the lineage of the artistic family of Najafali Isfahani and to identify the ancestors of its artists. Therefore, the main question is: Who were the father and ancestors of Najaf Ali Naqqash Bashi, and in what historical period was this artistic family established? This research, categorized as fundamental and qualitative, has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and a historical approach. Additionally, the method of data collection has been library-based, electronic, and involved referring to historical documents, while the data analysis approach has been inductive. The significance and necessity of this research lie in its potential to identify one of the important artistic families in Iran and uncover an unknown part of the history of Iranian art.
Based on a credible historical document (the marriage certificate of Aqa Najaf Isfahani from 1232 AH, published for the first time) and referencing other historical evidence, it was established that Najafali Isfahani was the son of Aqa Mohammad Jafar (known as Aqa Baba Naqqash, an artist of the Zand and early Qajar periods) and the grandson of Mohammad Baqir (from the late Safavid to the early Qajar period, likely the famous Mohammad Baqir Naqqash). The brotherly relationship between Najafali and Mohammad Ismail (another prominent artist of the mid-Qajar period) was also confirmed, and one of the artistic works of their father, Aqa Baba Naqqash, along with his artistic background, was identified and introduced. Moreover, the existence of their eldest brother, Mohammad Hassan, was once again confirmed, and it was revealed that, like their father, he had been engaged in calligraphy, particularly in the Naskh script and the decoration of Quranic manuscripts. Consequently, at the end of the research, the genealogical lineage of the artists from this artistic family, from the late Safavid period to the contemporary era, was presented.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
)