هنرهای کاربردی ایران دردوران غزنویان بر مبنای کتاب تاریخ بیهقی

Beyhaqi history book has a special place for historiography. Although, before this historical source, other historical books such as Sistan History, Balami History, Gardizi History, etc, were written, but the importance of Beyhaqi's book is not only focusing on the narration of events and events, but also dealing with Minutes and details about the events and the depiction of the surrounding scenes and having a glimpse of the background of these events are among the characteristics that make the Beyhaqi history a source for extracting surrounding information, as a historical source. Also, this valuable resource is classified as one of the first-hand and reliable sources for researching the history of culture and art of Islamic Iran due to its hidden characteristics. On the one hand, due to the deterioration of applied arts, the historical perspective and its evolution are always unclear to researchers, and many questions are observed in the search for the historical bases of related types and methods of production. This question has faced difficulties in historical and paleontological studies and research related to these products. Therefore, the historical researcher can continue the work of historical reconstruction of his body of study with parallel and complementary tools and methods. Written sources are one of the most important tools that have not received much attention in contemporary research. For this reason, it is possible to elucidate some of the specialized information about Iran's applied arts from various amounts of texts left in the historical sources of the past. The time domain of the historical references of this research is the Ghaznavid era.
Classification and creation of a pattern in order to clarify the history of Iran's applied arts during the Ghaznavid period based on the book of Beyhaqi's history is one of the goals of this research.
The research questions are also 1- In what category can the applied arts of the Ghaznavid period be presented? 2- What model can be used to know the quantitative and qualitative position of the applied arts of the Ghaznavid period?
The necessity of such researches in order to create historical sources, extract the dark spots of applied arts and surrounding issues related to it, and certify production works with an emphasis on native sources can be cited.
Based on the purpose, the present research is a fundamental and theoretical research, and in terms of method, it is a qualitative research, and in terms of the method of collecting research information, it is considered library and documentary. Since the current research seeks to extract historical information about applied arts, it has been focused on the text of Bayhaghi's history as a supplementary source. The method of data analysis in this research is qualitative.
In response to the first question, it can be said that in his book, although Beyhaqi dealt with more official and government events, but due to the diversity of his observations in events such as mentioning the list of gifts, the list of production centers, the description of building decorations, the state of property, the list of household necessities, Mentioning gifts, mentioning war spoils, etc., you can inevitably get significant information about the products of this era. Therefore, in the field of applied arts of the Ghaznavid period, it is possible to categorize the products: all kinds of patterned clothes, all kinds of delicate and patterned textiles, all kinds of practical and decorative vessels made of glass, metal and pottery, gold and semi-precious jewelry, etc. Prolific, multi-functional and richly decorated accessories for cattle, various weapons mostly ornamental, personal accessories of the king such as thrones and crowns with very rare designs and patterns, various expensive underlays and... .
In response to the second question, According to the systematic classification model, the method of valuing products, descriptive combinations, conceptual analysis of texts with the aim of the value of artistic products, and the hypothesis of the proximity of words in this classification creates an effective role for the subjective interpretation of the content of textual data. In the method of valuing goods explicitly and descriptively, the value of some products was clearly realized and with a little exaggeration, the rarity of these products was established. On the one hand, in descriptive compounds in the form of descriptive and descriptive adjectives, using words such as the best, hard, good, immeasurable, narrower, and cucumber, etc., in addition to being able to know the overall quality of these products, on the other hand, in many Such combinations can also be found in the description of raw materials and visual characteristics of those products. In the vicinity of equivalent and even non-equivalent words of products arranged next to each other, considering the inherent value of each of them, it can be effective in measuring the quality and quantity of those products to an appreciable extent.