تطبیق تصویرسازی داستان قربانی‌کردن اسماعیل(ع) در قرآن و داستان ایفی‌ژنی در ایلیاد

Myths and religions have a direct and deep connection with each other. Because myth and religion are both rooted in human belief. The story of sacrificing a child is one of the important narrations that is described in the text of the Holy Quran in the story of the Sacrifice of Prophet Ismail (AS). Greek mythology also tells the story of the Greek king Agamemnon's Slaughter of a child in Homer's Iliad, in which the king sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia to the Greek goddess Artemis. These stories have been illustrated along with narrative texts. The importance of the narrations of the Sacrifice of Prophet Ismail (AS) and the sacrifice of Iphigenia, in order to recognize the fundamental differences between religious and mythological views in the formation of similar narrations, necessitates research. The objectives include recognizing the effects of Quranic and mythological approaches on the depiction of Slaughter of a child in the Quranic story of the Sacrifice of Prophet Ismail (AS) and the Greek myth of Iphigenia. The research question includes: How is the Quranic and the mythical approaches reflected in the visual representation of the Quranic story of the Sacrifice of Ismai (AS) and the Greek myth of Iphigenia? In this research, library and visual information have been studied in a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach and data analysis is a qualitative study and the cases study were purposefully selected and samples includes 10 paintings from the story of the Sacrifice of Ismail (AS) and 9 paintings from the myth of the sacrifice of Iphigenia.
In general, comparisons show that the type of representation of the scenes of the sacrifice of Ismail (AS) is solitary and focused on the main characters of the story, where an observer with a hideous and ugly face is watching the event, and this point shows the personal aspect and the position of the individual relationship of the prophet with God. While most of the scenes of the slaughter of Iphigenia are filled with a crowd that is the witnesses of the event and the beneficiaries of the event. The main characters of Islamic paintings are, in order, Prophet Abraham (AS), Prophet Ismail (AS), the sacrificial animal and the angel carrying the sacrifice, and sometimes the observer or Satan is also given attention by the painter, and the mother or Hagar character is not present in the paintings. While in the mythological story of Iphigenia, the central characters are Agamemnon, Iphigenia, and the sacrificial animal, and in some works the role of the goddess, mother, and angel is depicted, and in some a symbol of the goddess Artemis is depicted. Also the main character of the mythological story and the sacrifice are female, and the repetition of the role of the mother of the sacrifice is also evident in these examples, and the main character and the sacrifice of Islamic examples are male, and the role of the mother is not seen in any Islamic pictorial example. Even the mythological god Iphigenia is female. The Islamic monotheistic approach in the painter's thinking has caused the image of God in the paintings to not have an earthly, physical, and corporeal aspect. However, the mythological approach allows the painter to imagine the physical, physical, and earthly aspects of the mythological view in the representation of the goddess Artemis, and a special place is assigned to the image of this goddess in the work of art. An interesting point to note in the depiction of angels is that in Islamic works, angels are depicted with the characteristics of winged and adult humans, and in most of the paintings of the Iphigenia sacrifice, they are depicted as small winged children, and only in example (18) is an adult angel seen. The sacrificial animal in 7 out of 10 Islamic examples is white, in two cases brown, and in 1 case it is a two-tone white and black. While in 8 out of 9 cases of Iphigenia paintings, the sacrificial animal is brown, and in 2 examples of Islamic works the color of the sacrificial animal is similar to the Iphigenia examples and is brown.
The results show that in the Qur'anic narration, is a divine command to test the faith of Abraham (AS) and Ismail (AS), while in the Greek mythology, Agamemnon is punished by the Greek goddess Artemis for violating the gods and he is forced to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia. In the content of the Qur'anic story, the behavior of the characters is accompanied by faith, peace, contentment and submission of Prophet Abraham (AS) and Prophet Ismail (AS), while Agamemnon and his wife and Iphigenia first rebel against Artemis' order and finally they are forced to accept the command of the goddess and these two different approaches are also observed in the illustration of paintings.