The aim of this research is to examine the architectural elements and decorations of palaces based on the illustrations of Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. In this research, it is determined whether the architectural style of the palaces was drawn based on the descriptions of the Shahnameh, which is the Samanid-Ghaznavid period, or based on the style of the period of drawing the illustrations, which is the architecture of the Safavid period. The question of the architectural style and decorations of the palace of Shahnameh illustrations of Shah Tahmasp is derived from the descriptions of the Shahnameh? How did the architectural style of the Safavid era (tenth century architecture) influence the drawing of the illustrations? It is answered with a descriptive-analytical method. First, by examining the architecture and decorations in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, architectural components were extracted and matched with Samanid-Ghaznavid architecture. By examining the components obtained in the thirty paintings, it can be said that in the architectural elements section, it can be concluded that the decorations of the paintings were drawn with respect to the architecture of the Safavid period. And in general, it can be concluded that considering that this work was a gift to the Ottoman court, the painters, in addition to paying attention to the text of the Shahnameh, have tried to draw and display Iranian art and architecture, and in drawing the architecture of the paintings, especially the decorations, they have referred to the rich art and architecture of Iran.