نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The outward and writings features and the methods of using seals in documents
of Islamic era changed greatly from Qazan-Khan era. These changes were
simultaneous to reform of governmental and official system of Ilkhanian and
they were in line with Qazan-Khan,s trend to Islam. The oldest documents left
from Iran also relates to this era. Sealing their letters, Mongols followed some
special methods and they used some seals such as Altun-Tomqa, Al-Tomqa and
Ghara-Tomqa. They usually sealed next to the date or the financial figures of the
document and sometimes on the top of the command. There is not much known
about the methods of sealing on documents in the next eras until the Safavids.
Because of the great governmental system in the Savafids era, different types
of seals and the methods have been registered such as ten governmental seals in
Shah-Solmon era and three high-ranking officials in keeping seals with these titles
«Mohr-e-Homayoun», «Mohr-e-Sharaf Nofaz» and «Mohr-e-Angoshtar». In this
article different kinds of governmental seals and the rules of their using in lslamic
documents specially in Ilkhanid and Safavids periods will research.
کلیدواژهها English
