Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Art, Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2
, M.A in research of Art
10.22070/negareh.2024.18414.3304
Abstract
Bakhtin believes that the lives of people in the middle age were in two ways; One is a completely formal life under a hierarchical system and combined with fear, dogmatism and submission in the form of piety, and the other is life in a carnival and social atmosphere.
He deals with the carnival as an independent event and expands the carnival in the field of art and literature. Bakhtin's carnival theory provides a new way to investigate and research the dimensions of popular celebrations. These characteristics include images such as: mask, laughter, play, inversion and grotesque body, which have a visual appearance, as well as: non-religious, madness, death, utopian freedom and equality, clown and disobedience and rebelliousness which are in the theme of carnival. They are hidden.
The sum of these components (images) and themes lead to the creation of the carnival structure. Although Bakhtin proposed the theory of carnival in the field of novels and literature, it can be used to examine other branches of art. Iranian painting with various subjects and themes is a suitable platform for analyzing eastern and western theories. In the meantime, the illustrated horoscopes that were written to determine the fortunes and misfortunes of affairs provide a visual collection of religious subjects and folk traditions, which sometimes have no written roots; One of these folk narratives in Tahmasabi's scattered horoscope is a picture with the theme of celebration and joy of the arrival of Dajjal, which is one of the 30 identified pictures related to this version. The image of the arrival of Dajjal contains themes and images that can be compared and analyzed with the features of Bakhtin's carnival in many ways. The purpose of this research, which is descriptive-analytical and carried out in a qualitative and theory-based way, is to "study the components and themes of Bakhtin's carnival in the image of Dajjal. In order to achieve this goal, it seems necessary to answer these questions: 1- What are the components and themes of Bakhtin's carnival in the image of Antichrist? 2- How to analyze the image of the Antichrist's arrival based on Bakhtin's carnival theory? The findings show that from Bakhtin's point of view, carnivals were popular and mostly non-religious festivals or street shows in which the culture of the street and market people was displayed. From Bakhtin's point of view, the main components of carnival, laughter, games, masks, inversions and grotesques match the elements used in the image of Dajjal.
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